The Badamestan Anticline is stuated in the ZAGROS folded belt of Iran. Formations outcropping within the anticline are Gurpi-Pabdeh, Asmari, Gachsaran, Aghajari, and Bakhtiari in ascending order. Study of joint patterns in the Asmari limestone suggests that joint formation is synchronous with folding, and the stress field is symmetrically oriented with respect to the fold axis. Gomieh anticline shows gravitational slip of the Bakhtiari conglomerate on the lower ductile layers. The joints within this formation indicate another younger stress field.

Introduction The activity of synoptic cyclones plays an important role in determining the local climate and forming large-scale atmospheric circulation through the vertical and horizontal exchange of heat, humidity and momentum, coupled with interaction with large scale circulation centers. The cyclones are generally transmitter of the bad weather conditions and also represent the initial mechanism of transmitter moisture and heat to the pole. Systematic changes in geographical location or in the intensity / frequency of cyclone activities will make significant disparities among other regional climate impacts. The effects of mountainous obstacles on synoptic systems, especially the cyclone systems, are recognized. The mountain range is one of the factors that in addition to disrupting the uniformity of the earth face, it also disrupts the climatic uniformity. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of thermodynamics of ZAGROS Mountain on the changes in cyclones entering the country from the west. Materials and methods For this purpose, the daily precipitation data were obtained from 13 stations of the Meteorological Organization in west Iran. Also geopotential data were extracted from the NCEP / NCAR databases with spatial resolution of 2. 5 × 2. 5 degrees and ERA-Interim data from ECMWF databases with spatial resolution of 0. 125 × 0. 125 degrees, their framework is 0 to 80 degrees east and 0 to 60 degrees north. Using the Factor Analysis method, April 14th-18th, 2003 was selected as the best pattern. After selecting the sample day, sea level pressure maps and geopotential heights of different levels were prepared and analyzed. Results and discussion The results of the analysis of these maps showed that the cyclone reaching the ZAGROS MOUNTAINS are dynamically strengthened from the day it formed until it arrived in Iraq. When they approach the ZAGROS, the vorticity and its omega are reduced, but crossing ZAGROS, a positive vorticity increase happens. These types of cyclones call ZAGROS cyclones. The relationship between the amplified cyclone with the divergence region of the middle and middle levels were observed at all stages. The ZAGROS roughness, like a wall, initially weakens the cyclone reached Iran and makes them bipolar. However, the passage of the cyclones from the mountain make the thermodynamic conditions of the descending air in the lee mountain range. The condition makes them revival. As the air reaches the roughness, a weak core remains in the ZAGROS range, and another nucleus is formed by passing through the MOUNTAINS in the central regions of the country, and is reinforced in the next hours. Finally, the cyclone is amplified and leaves its moisture completely on Iran. These cyclones can be called ZAGROS second cyclones. Conclusion Mountain barriers are considered as the factors destroying the homogeneity of the local climate. Sometimes they act in the planet scale like the Rocky MOUNTAINS. Iran has a heterogeneous environment in term of geomorphology and climatology. One of the most outstanding effects of roughness on the climate is the change in the structure of systems passing through these barriers. ZAGROS MOUNTAINS is one of the main mountain ranges of Iran, with an almost northwest-southeast direction and with a maximum height of about 4, 400 meters at Zardkuh Peak. It has a significant impact on immigrant systems to the country. A study on the cyclone on April 14th, 2003 showed that this cyclone was formed on the April 12th on the northwest Europe, moving towards the Mediterranean Sea. Its trough arrives in the country on the April 14th and it reaches the slopes of ZAGROS on the 16th. As it is approaching ZAGROS, changes in pressure in the back and the lee of ZAGROS are increasing. Vorticity and divergences are completely different in two parts. In the ZAGROS, during a few days when the cyclone pass across the range, there is a negative vorticity. The vertical velocity also demonstrates subsidence in ZAGROS altitudinal areas. The results vividly prove that the cyclone gets weakened in collision with the mountain, and its movement gets slow, but it does not disappear. It is re-reinforced on the ZAGROS lee in the central part of the regions, and continued its route to outside the borders of the country.

The ZAGROS Fold-and-Thrust Belt is tectonically active and often has active faults with insensible and slow motions. Determining the rate of movement and displacement in these faults requires very precise measurements. One of the measurement methods of fault movements is using geodetic and micro-geodetic studies. This research is focused on one of the active faults in the north of Shiraz city, Fars province called Darvazeh Quran fault in this study. In order to determine the deformation matrix, the local networks are preferred. Deforming area is normally covered by four control points. These points constitute a geodetic network and their location or structure is defined by the topographic and geological parameters. The results show that the obtained displacement vector is from SE to NW with a dextral strike-slip creep. Deformation matrix indicated 4mm±6ppm displacement per year and elongation changes of network have an ascending trend into time.

In this research we tried to investigate the respond of high part of ZAGROS MOUNTAINS to past climate change by studying a 300cm core was extracted from Lake Gahar. This region is as an important biome of oak forest of Iran. Then the aim of this investigation is to detect past climate condition by palynology and climate modeling.According to the pollen diagram of Lake Gahar, four main local pollen assemblage zones during Holocene consisting of two older zones GHA (depth of 300 to 290 cm), GHB (290 to 110 cm depth) and two more new zones GHC (depth 110 to 50 cm) and GHD (depth 50 to 0 cm) were identified.We also reconstructed the annual mean precipitation and temperature data over 40000 years by MCM (Macrophysical Climate Model).The results showed that two zones GHA and GHB beyond depth 300-110cm indicate vegetation of forest- steppe with dominant species of oak trees however Quercus pollen is evident in all zones. It seems that the abrupt decreasing of arboreal pollen, especially Quercus at a depth of 50 and 60 cm at the boundary between the two zones GHC and GHD is associated with unfavorable conditions for plant growth during this period. There are also upland herbs pollen types such as Poaceae crealia types and polygonium can be considered as evidence of the destruction of the region as a result of anthropogenic effects and heavy grazing and farming operations. It is also approved the existence of consecutive period of cold/wet and warm/dry period in the past climate of Gahar region by comparing the results of this study with results from other lakes in the northwest of Iran.

The Faraghun MOUNTAINS are located in the southeastern part of the ZAGROS orogen. Early Ordovician-Permian rock units are deepest stratigraphic units exposed in the central part of the Faraghun MOUNTAINS. High ZAGROS Fault (HZF) is the main structural feature bordering the southern flank of these MOUNTAINS. Here we combine detailed mapping, field-based structural kinematic analysis and cross-sections to reconstruct the structural evolution of the Faraghun MOUNTAINS. Our new structural and stratigraphic analysis document three kinematically and geometrically different western, central and eastern segments for the HZF in the Faraghun MOUNTAINS. Both the eastern and western segments of the HZF dip to the north and are connected by the central segment that which is dippingto the south. Late Paleozoic successions have been exposed in the hangingwall of the Central High ZAGROS Fault segment in a pop-up geometry, and the Faraghun and Narangan faults have been formed in its footwall. Structural data indicates a right-lateral strike-slip mechanism with reverse component for the western and eastern segments, and reverse with right-lateral strike-slip component for the central segmenst of the HZF. Stratigraphic records document prominent variation in the late Cretaceous sequences including Gurpi Formation in the hangingwall and footwall of the HZF in the Faraghun MOUNTAINS. Greater thickness and basal conglomeratic nature of Gurpi Formation in the hangingwall of the HZF with respect to its footwall might reflect normal kinematics of the HZF and a high-energy depositional environment in its hangingwall during the deposition of the Gurpi Formation. All the stratigraphic and structural evidence represent post late Cretaceous compression accompanied by late Cenozoic right-lateral transpression in the Faraghun MOUNTAINS of SE ZAGROS.

Dynamic change and great endangered oak forests have characterized the ZAGROS Mountain as an attractive site to study. There are some palynological and geochemical studies in the north and northwest of Iran where is located in a moderate elevation. The motivation for this study is to reconstruct the past environment of high part of ZAGROS Mountain in order to find the climate change.

discontinuities with 1 km or greater lengths and bends with 5° or greater angles are chosen. Based on these limits, seven segments and associated earthquakes (with magnitudes equal or greater than 5.0) are recognized. From this data set it appears that fault geometry, such as bends and stepovers along the main fault trace, plays an important role in controlling the location of moderate to large earthquakes along the fault zones. Certain geometrinc patterns, such as restraining stepovers, are particularly common and can be viewed as responsible for strain accumulation along portions of fault zone. Moderate to large earthquake epicenters often occur near restraining stepovers.

Magnetic susceptibility has been extensively used to determine the magnetic properties of rocks for different applications, such as hydrocarbon or mineral explorations. This magnetic quantity can be directly measured in an accurate but time-consuming operation, or it can be mathematically approximated using a reliable procedure to achieve a desired accuracy. The Poisson theory is one of the most well-known approaches which provide a meaningful relationship between the earth’s gravity and magnetic fields to derive the magnetic susceptibility. In this approach, the reliability and efficiency of the derived magnetic susceptibility depends on the method of computation of the gravity gradient tensor. We investigated two different methods of determination of gradient tensor; different distance method and Fourier transform technique. From the investigation, the Fourier transform method was more consistent with the geological features which led to more reliable information required for mineral explorations. The performance of the Poisson theory, the different distance method, and the Fourier transform was investigated in the coastal Fars, in Iran. This was highly disposing for geological and mineral features. Salt domes in the study area were detected and results compared with the available geological map.